Apache Technologies 14 Manual do Utilizador Página 1

Mac OS X ServerWeb Technologies AdministrationFor Version 10.4 or Later

10 Preface About This Guide Getting Documentation UpdatesPeriodically, Apple posts new onscreen help topics, revised guides, and solution papers. T

Preface About This Guide 11 Getting Additional InformationFor more information, consult these resources:Read Me documents—important updates and spe

12 Preface About This Guide If You’re an Experienced Server AdministratorIf you’re already familiar with network administration and you’ve used, Li

1 131 Web Technologies OverviewBecome familiar with web technologies and understand the major components before setting up your services and site

14 Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview Since web service in Mac OS X Server is based on Apache, you can add advanced features with plug-in modules.

Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview 15 SSL SupportWeb service includes support for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), a protocol that encrypts information

16 Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview For more information about Apache modules, see the Apache Software Foundation website at http://www.apache.o

Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview 17 Understanding WebDAVIf you use WebDAV to provide live authoring on your website, you should create realms an

18 Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview Understanding Multipurpose Internet Mail ExtensionMultipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) is an Internet

Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview 19 Actions are handled differently. If you’ve mapped an action to a suffix, your server runs a program or scrip

K Apple Computer, Inc.© 2005 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Mac OS X Server software may r

20 Chapter 1 Web Technologies Overview

2 212 Managing Web TechnologiesUse Server Admin to set up web technologies initially and to manage web settings and components.If you are familia

22 Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies Step 3: Assign privileges for your websiteThe Apache processes that serve webpages must have read access to

Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies 23 Important: Always use Server Admin to start and stop the web server. You can start the web server from the

24 Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies Starting Web Service AutomaticallyWeb service is set to start automatically (if it was running at shutdown)

Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies 25 4 In the new sheet that appears, do one of the following:For a new MIME type, type each part of the name (se

26 Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies Managing ConnectionsYou can limit the period of time that users are connected to the server. In addition, yo

Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies 27 To set the number of persistent connections:1 In Server Admin, click Web in the list for the server you want

28 Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies Setting Up Proxy CachingA proxy lets users check a local server for frequently used files. You can use a pro

Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies 29 Blocking Websites From Your Web Server CacheIf your web server is set up to act as a proxy, you can prevent

3 1 Contents Preface 7 About This Guide7 What’s New in Version 10.4 7 What’s in This Guide 8 Using This Guide 8 Using Onscreen Help 9 The Mac

30 Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies When a browser initiates a connection to an SSL-protected server, it connects to a specific port (443) and s

Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies 31 Using JBossJBoss is a widely used full-featured Java application server. It provides a full Java 2 Platform,

32 Chapter 2 Managing Web Technologies Viewing and Searching Logs of Web Service ActivityWeb service in Mac OS X Server uses the standard Apache lo

3 333 Managing WebsitesUse the Server Admin application to set up and manage the essential components of web service.You administer websites on y

34 Chapter 3 Managing Websites 2 Replace the index.html file with the main page for your website.Make sure the name of your main page matches the d

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 35 Virtual hosts are multiple sites on the same server. These sites can be named-based (such as www.example.com) or use

36 Chapter 3 Managing Websites Setting Up a Web Folder for a SiteA site’s default web folder is used as the root for the site (called DocumentRoot

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 37 Changing the Access Port for a WebsiteBy default, the server uses port 80 for connections to websites on your server

38 Chapter 3 Managing Websites Enabling the performance cache does not always improve performance. For example, when the amount of static web conte

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 39 3 In the Sites pane, double-click the site in the list.4 In the Options pane, click Performance Cache to change its

4 Contents 25 Managing Weblogs (Blogs) 26 Managing Connections 26 Setting Simultaneous Connections for the Web Server 26 Setting Persistent Connectio

40 Chapter 3 Managing Websites If you are administering a remote server, file service must be running on the remote server to use the Browse button

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 41 When the performance cache is enabled (default) the “%h” item will extract the local machine’s IP address. To extrac

42 Chapter 3 Managing Websites Step 2: Import your web contentImport your web content into the Spotlight MetaData store. The /Library/WebServer/Do

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 43 To make sure a website is working properly:1 Open a web browser and type the web address of your server.You can use

44 Chapter 3 Managing Websites 9 Select Can Browse and Can Author for each user and group as desired.Note: When users or members of a group you’ve

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 45 Using WebDAV to Share FilesYou can use WebDAV to allow authorized users to connect to a website on the server and to

46 Chapter 3 Managing Websites If you want to use WebDAV, you need to enable it in Server Admin and manually change the web content files’ or folde

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 47 Sample Aliases and RedirectsThe examples below show aliases and redirects.• Alias:For a host named “example.com” you

48 Chapter 3 Managing Websites 4 Type the path for the alias or redirect and click OK.This is the path in the file system or the redirect that gets

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 49 Enabling a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ScriptCommon Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts (or programs) send informatio

Contents 5 50 Setting Server Responses to MIME Types and Content Handlers 50 Enabling SSL 52 Using a Passphrase With SSL Certificates 52 Setting Up t

50 Chapter 3 Managing Websites • The port being used for the siteDouble-clicking a site in the Sites pane opens the site details window, where you

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 51 To set up SSL for a website:1 In Server Admin, click Web in the list for the server you want.2 Click Settings in the

52 Chapter 3 Managing Websites Using a Passphrase With SSL CertificatesIf you manage SSL certificates using the Server Admin application, and you u

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 53 To enable PHP:1 In Server Admin, click Web for the server you want.2 Click Settings in the button bar.3 In the Modul

54 Chapter 3 Managing Websites Default ContentThe default content for the user’s Sites folder is an index.html file along with a few images. It is

Chapter 3 Managing Websites 55 http://example.com/Protected/sECreTBut they could bypass it by using something like the following:http://example.com

56 Chapter 3 Managing Websites

4 574 WebMailEnable WebMail for the websites on your server to provide access to basic email operations by means of a web connection.WebMail adds

58 Chapter 4 WebMail Users log in to WebMail with the name and password they use for logging in to regular mail service. WebMail does not provide i

Chapter 4 WebMail 59 Enabling WebMailYou can enable WebMail for the website (or sites) hosted by your web server. Changes take effect when you rest

6 Contents 72 mod_hfs_apple 72 mod_digest_apple72 mod_bonjour72 Open Source Modules72 Tomcat73 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor73 mod_perlChapter 7 75 So

60 Chapter 4 WebMail You can configure these and other settings—such as which mail server provides mail service for WebMail—by running an interacti

5 615 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications Become familiar with WebObjects and the open source applications Mac OS X

62 Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications serveradmin start webobjectsserveradmin stop webobjectsChanging the W

Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications 63 Note: All files in /etc/httpd/sites/ are read and processed by Apach

64 Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications • The apachectl script does not increase the soft process limit beyon

Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications 65 After you enable Tomcat using the Application Server section of Serve

66 Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications JBossJBoss (version 3.2.3) is an open source application server desig

Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications 67 4 Click Start Service or Stop Service.To start or stop JBoss using Te

68 Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications TomcatTomcat is the open source servlet container that is used as the

Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications 69 To verify that Tomcat is running, use a browser to access port 9006 o

7PrefaceAbout This GuideThis guide tells you how to set up and manage a web server, websites, and use open source web technologies.What’s New in

70 Chapter 5 Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications Note that the MySQL Manager application works only with the preinstal

6 716 Installing and Viewing Web ModulesBecome familiar with the modules that provide key features and controls for web service.The Apache web se

72 Chapter 6 Installing and Viewing Web Modules mod_spotlight_appleThis module lets Apache perform relevance-ranked searches of the website using S

Chapter 6 Installing and Viewing Web Modules 73 PHP: Hypertext PreprocessorPHP lets you handle dynamic web content by using a server side HTML-emb

74 Chapter 6 Installing and Viewing Web Modules

7 757 Solving ProblemsIf you experience a problem with web service or one of its components, check the tips and strategies in this chapter.From t

76 Chapter 7 Solving Problems A Web Module Is Not Working as ExpectedTry several strategies to uncover the problem.• Check the error log in Server

77GlossaryGlossaryApache An open source HTTP server integrated into Mac OS X Server. You can find detailed information about Apache at www.apac

78 Glossary IP Internet Protocol. Also known as IPv4. A method used with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to send data between computers over

Glossary 79 proxy server A server that sits between a client application, such as a web browser, and a real server. The proxy server intercepts a

8 Preface About This Guide • Chapter 5, “Working With WebObjects and Web-Related Open Source Applications,” provides information and instructions r

80 Glossary

81IndexIndexAaccess for websitessetting 43access privilegessetting for WebDAV 17websites 17, 22aliases 46Apache module 14, 16, 70, 71Apache modul

82 Index PPerlmod_perl 73PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) 73Apache module 73enabling 52PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) See PHP (PHP Hypertext

Index 83secure transactions 16, 50settings for 23setting up 21–23setting up websites 16solving problems 75SSL, enabling 29starting 23stoppi

Preface About This Guide 9 To see the latest server help topics, make sure the server or administrator computer is connected to the Internet while